Load Securement: Restraint Methods, Locks, and Required Load Factors

031-06-03Pablo Asensio Martínez2026-04-011 min

Importance of Securement

Cargo must be securely restrained so it does not move during:

  • Take-off and Landing (Acceleration/Deceleration).
  • Turbulence.
  • Emergency Landing.

Shifted cargo can dangerously affect the CG (stability) or damage the fuselage.

Restraint Methods

1. Tie-down Straps and Nets

Sailors attach a Cargo Net to a Puma Helicopter

  • Used for bulk cargo.
  • Check the rating (capacity) of the straps and the attachment points (D-rings) on the floor.

2. ULD Locks

  • When loading containers or pallets, mechanical floor locks (latches) are raised to secure the ULD to the aircraft floor.
  • If a lock is broken (missing latch), that position may be unusable or weight restricted.

Load Factors

The restraint system must be strong enough to withstand 'g' forces in all directions. Typical minimum ultimate load factors (Transport Category):

  • Forward: 9.0g (to protect passengers/crew in a crash).
  • Sideways: 1.5g.
  • Upward: 3.0g.
  • Downward: 6.0g.
  • Aft: 1.5g.

The cargo handling manual specifies the number of straps required based on the cargo mass and these load factors.