Electronic Flight Bag (EFB): Classes, Functions, and Operational Risks

022-13-06Pablo Asensio Martínez2026-03-271 min

An EFB is an electronic system used by the flight crew to perform tasks previously done with paper documents and tools.

Functionality

  • Documentation: Digital storage of Flight Crew Operating Manuals (FCOM), MEL, etc.
  • Navigation: Aeronautical Charts (Enroute, Approach Plates), Moving Maps.
  • Performance: Calculation of Take-off/Landing speeds and limits.
  • Mass & Balance: Loadsheet calculations.
  • Note: The EFB is distinct from the FMS (Flight Management System) and aircraft alerting systems (ECAM/EICAS). It does not typically handle ACARS/CPDLC or display system warnings directly.

Hardware Classifications

  1. Portable EFB (PED):
    • Not part of the certified aircraft configuration.
    • Can be used inside/outside the aircraft.
    • Reference material only; crosscheck required.
    • Mounting: Must be removable without tools.
  2. Installed EFB:
    • Certified as part of the aircraft avionics.
    • Included in the MEL (Minimum Equipment List) if failed.
    • Integrated into the flight deck (screens, power, data).

Software Classifications (Applications)

  • Type A: Malfunction/Misuse has no safety effect.
    • Examples: HTML/PDF viewers for general manuals, non-interactive documents.
  • Type B: Malfunction/Misuse has a minor safety effect.
    • Examples: Performance calculation apps, Electronic Charts (Zoom/Pan), interactive Checklists.
    • Constraint: Must not replace a system required by airworthiness regulations (e.g., cannot replace the PFD/ND).

Operational Issues

  • Data Entry Error: "Garbage In, Garbage Out". If a pilot enters incorrect weight/weather data, the EFB outputs incorrect speeds/limits.
  • Failure: Loss of an EFB (especially in a "paperless" cockpit) implies loss of access to charts, manuals, and performance data. Redundancy (2nd EFB or paper backup) is required.