Electronic Flight Bag (EFB): Classes, Functions, and Operational Risks
An EFB is an electronic system used by the flight crew to perform tasks previously done with paper documents and tools.
Functionality
- Documentation: Digital storage of Flight Crew Operating Manuals (FCOM), MEL, etc.
- Navigation: Aeronautical Charts (Enroute, Approach Plates), Moving Maps.
- Performance: Calculation of Take-off/Landing speeds and limits.
- Mass & Balance: Loadsheet calculations.
- Note: The EFB is distinct from the FMS (Flight Management System) and aircraft alerting systems (ECAM/EICAS). It does not typically handle ACARS/CPDLC or display system warnings directly.
Hardware Classifications
- Portable EFB (PED):
- Not part of the certified aircraft configuration.
- Can be used inside/outside the aircraft.
- Reference material only; crosscheck required.
- Mounting: Must be removable without tools.
- Installed EFB:
- Certified as part of the aircraft avionics.
- Included in the MEL (Minimum Equipment List) if failed.
- Integrated into the flight deck (screens, power, data).
Software Classifications (Applications)
- Type A: Malfunction/Misuse has no safety effect.
- Examples: HTML/PDF viewers for general manuals, non-interactive documents.
- Type B: Malfunction/Misuse has a minor safety effect.
- Examples: Performance calculation apps, Electronic Charts (Zoom/Pan), interactive Checklists.
- Constraint: Must not replace a system required by airworthiness regulations (e.g., cannot replace the PFD/ND).
Operational Issues
- Data Entry Error: "Garbage In, Garbage Out". If a pilot enters incorrect weight/weather data, the EFB outputs incorrect speeds/limits.
- Failure: Loss of an EFB (especially in a "paperless" cockpit) implies loss of access to charts, manuals, and performance data. Redundancy (2nd EFB or paper backup) is required.