Cockpit Management (CRM/TEM)

040-03-04Pablo Asensio Martínez2026-04-011 min

Cockpit Resource Management (CRM)

Cockpit Austrian Airlines

The effective use of all available resources (hardware, software, liveware) to achieve safe and efficient flight operations.

  • Originally focused on the cockpit, now "Crew" Resource Management (includes cabin crew, dispatch, ATC).
  • Skills: Communication, Leadership, Situational Awareness, Decision Making.

Threat and Error Management (TEM)

A practical framework for safety.

  1. Threats: Events beyond the influence of the crew (Weather, ATC error, Malfunction).
    • Goal: Anticipate and Avoid.
  2. Errors: Actions or inactions by the crew that lead to deviation (Wrong frequency, wrong altitude).
    • Goal: Detect and Correct (Trap).
  3. Undesired Aircraft States (UAS): The result of an unmanaged threat or error (Unstable approach, deviations).
    • Goal: Mitigate and Recover.

Countermeasures

  • Checklists: Trap memory errors.
  • Briefings: Anticipate threats.
  • Callouts: Detect deviations.
  • SOPs: Standardize behaviour to reduce errors.
Written and reviewed by

Pablo Asensio · 2026-04-01

Aeronautical engineer. Passed the thirteen EASA ATPL(A) theoretical knowledge exams studying from these very notes. Writes and reviews each topic against the Part-FCL Learning Objectives.

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