Asymmetric Thrust Mechanics
The Moments
When an engine fails, Thrust is lost on one side.
- Yaw Moment: Towards the dead engine. ($Thrust \times Arm$).
- Roll Moment: Towards the dead engine. (Loss of induced flow over the wing + fuselage masking).
Establishing Control (Vmca)
To maintain heading, the rudder must generate a side force to create an opposing Yaw Moment.
- Rudder Effectiveness: Proportional to $V^2$. At low speeds, rudder authority decreases.
- Vmca: The speed below which full rudder is insufficient.
Importance of Bank
Banking usually 5° towards the Live Engine assists the rudder.
- It creates a side component of Lift that helps oppose the turn.
- Significantly lowers $V_{MCA}$ (makes the plane safer/controllable at lower speeds) compared to wings-level.
- Zero Sideslip: Requires a small bank towards the live engine.