Meteorological Briefing
Meteorological Reports (Actual Weather)
- METAR: Meteorological Terminal Air Report. Routine observation (usually every 30 or 60 mins).
- SPECI: Special report issued when significant changes occur between routine METARs.
Meteorological Forecasts
- TAF (Terminal Aerodrome Forecast): Forecast for a specific airport (Validity usually 9, 24, or 30 hours).
- Essential for checking Destination and Alternate suitability.
- TREND: A short landing forecast appended to a METAR (valid for 2 hours).
En-Route Weather
- SIGMET (Significant Meteorological Information): Warning of severe weather (Turbulence, Icing, Ash, Thunderstorms) affecting all aircraft.
- AIRMET: Warning of weather potentially hazardous to low-level aircraft (smaller than SIGMET).
- Significant Weather Charts (SIGWX): Graphic charts showing fronts, jet streams, tropopause height, and turbulence areas.
- Wind and Temperature Charts: Show wind direction/speed and temperature at various Flight Levels. Used for calculating Ground Speed and Fuel Temp.
Briefing Sources
- Self-briefing: Using automated systems.
- Consultation: Asking a meteorologist (less common now).
- Documentation: Charts and reports provided in the flight folder.
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