PBN Concept (ICAO Doc 9613): RNAV, RNP, and Use Cases

062-07-01Pablo Asensio Martínez2026-04-012 min

The PBN (Performance-Based Navigation) concept specifies that aircraft RNAV system performance requirements be defined in terms of accuracy, integrity, availability, continuity, and functionality, needed for the proposed operations in the context of a particular airspace concept.

PBN Components

PBN is based on three main components:

  1. NAVAID Infrastructure: Can be ground-based (VOR, DME) or space-based (GNSS).
  2. Navigation Specification: Defines performance requirements (e.g., RNAV 1, RNP 4).
  3. Navigation Application: The use of a specification and the infrastructure for specific routes or procedures.

Performance Factors

  • Accuracy: The difference between the estimated position and the actual position. Often expressed as the lateral error allowed 95% of the time (e.g., RNP 1 = 1 NM).
    • TSE (Total System Error): Sum of PDE (Path Definition Error), FTE (Flight Technical Error), and NSE (Navigation System Error).
  • Integrity: The confidence in the correctness of the information and the ability to alert of failures within a reasonable time.
  • Continuity: The capability of the system to perform its function without unscheduled interruptions during the operation.
  • Availability: The percentage of time the system is usable.
  • Functionality: The required functions of the system (e.g., RF legs, Baro-VNAV).

PBN Scope

  • Oceanic, En-route, and Terminal Phases: PBN is limited to operations with linear lateral performance requirements.
  • Approach Phase: PBN accommodates operations with both linear (LNAV) and angular (LPV, similar to ILS) lateral guidance.

PBN Benefits

  • Reduces the need to maintain specific routes and procedures for each sensor.
  • Avoids the development of specific operations for each new technology.
  • Allows for more efficient use of airspace (more direct routes, fuel savings).
  • Facilitates the operational approval process.

Difference between Raw and Computed Data

  • Raw Data: Conventional navigation based on direct indications from ground aids (VOR, NDB).
  • Computed Data: PBN navigation where the system calculates position by integrating multiple sensors (GNSS, IRS, DME/DME) and validates data consistency.