Fuel Jettisoning
Purpose
To reduce aircraft weight from Take-off Weight (which can be high) to Maximum Landing Weight (MLW) in case of immediate return. Landing overweight puts stress on landing gear and structure, and requires inspection.
Regulations
- Altitude: Minimum 6,000 ft AGL (to allow fuel to vaporize before reaching ground).
- Location: Clear of cities, thunderstorms, and other aircraft.
- Procedures:
- Notify ATC.
- Extend nozzles/pipes.
- Dump to MLW or required weight.
- Retract nozzles.
- Leave minimum fuel for landing and diversion (usually not less than weather minima + reserve).
Overweight Landing
If dumping is not possible or time is critical (Fire), an overweight landing is permitted.
- Touchdown must be gentle (low vertical speed).
- Longer runway required (higher speed).
- Brake cooling required after landing.