Roll Control (Ailerons)
Mechanism
Ailerons work by changing the camber of the outer wing section.
- Stick Left: Left aileron UP (decreases lift) -> Left wing drops. Right aileron DOWN (increases lift) -> Right wing rises.
Adverse Yaw
When banking (e.g., to the left):
- The Right Wing (Up-going) produces More Lift -> Therefore produces More Induced Drag.
- The Left Wing (Down-going) produces Less Lift -> Less Induced Drag.
- Difference in drag yaws the nose to the Right (Opposite to the turn).
Solutions
- Differential Ailerons: The up-going aileron travels further up than the down-going travels down. Reduces drag on the up-going wing (less projection) and increases drag on the down-going wing (more projection).
- Frise Ailerons: The leading edge of the Up-going aileron protrudes below the wing surface, creating parasite drag to counteract the induced drag of the other wing.
- Roll Spoilers: Spoilers on the down-going wing extend to kill lift AND add drag (yawing IN to the turn).