# Stall Scenarios

> Common situations leading to stall or upset.

- **Subject:** 081 — Principles of Flight
- **Section:** 081-03 — Stall, Mach Tuck and Upset Prevention and Recovery
- **Topic code:** 081-03-03
- **Last reviewed:** 2026-04-01
- **Author:** Pablo Asensio Martínez
- **HTML version:** https://pilotsyllabus.com/en/principles-of-flight/stall-mach-tuck-and-upset-prevention-and-recovery/situations-in-which-buffet-or-stall-could-occur/

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## Accelerated Stall (High G)
Stalling at a speed higher than normal $V_{s1g}$ due to increased Load Factor.
*   **Turns**: In a 60° bank level turn, Load Factor is 2.0g. Stall speed increases by $\sqrt{2} = 1.41$ (41% higher).
*   **Recovery from Dive**: Pulling up abruptly increases G-load, potentially causing a secondary stall.

## Deep Stall (Super Stall)
A condition in T-tail aircraft where the turbulent wake from the stalled main wing blankets the tailplane/elevator.
*   **Effect**: The elevator becomes ineffective. The pilot cannot pitch down to recover.
*   **Solution**: Stick Pusher (activates before deep stall is reached) or designing the tail out of the wake.

## Environmental Factors
1.  **Icing**: Increases weight (higher stall speed) and disrupts airflow (lower $C_{L_{max}}$). Can lead to stall at speeds well above normal warning thresholds.
2.  **Windshear**: A sudden loss of headwind causes an immediate loss of IAS, potentially dropping below $V_{stall}$.
3.  **Heavy Rain**: Acts like icing (roughens surface) and adds weight/momentum to the air (downward force).

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