# Performance Class B (CS-23): Take-off and Landing Theory

> Take-off and landing performance calculations and safety factors for Class B aircraft.

- **Subject:** 032 — Performance
- **Section:** 032-02 — C2-23-Applicable Operational Requirements Performance Class B - Theory
- **Topic code:** 032-02-03
- **Last reviewed:** 2026-04-01
- **Author:** Pablo Asensio Martínez
- **HTML version:** https://pilotsyllabus.com/en/performance/c2-23-applicable-operational-requirements-performance-class-b-theory/take-off-and-landing/

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## Take-Off Performance

For Class B, take-off calculations are simpler but include specific safety factors.

### Take-Off Distance Required (TODR)
The distance to accelerate from a standing start to a screen height of **50 ft** above the take-off surface.
*   **All Engines Operating (AEO)**: Assuming all engines are working normally.
*   **Factor**: The Gross TODR (from the manual) must be multiplied by factors:
    *   $\times 1.25$ required for commercial operations (Public Transport).
    *   $\times 1.15$ or $1.05$ for grass/wet runways.
    *   Adjustments for slope and wind.

### Rejected Take-Off
Unlike Class A, there is no strict regulation for "Accelerate-Stop Distance Required" (ASDR) for single-engine Class B aircraft in the same way. The pilot determines a "go/no-go" point based on runway length and experience.

### Obstacle Clearance
The take-off flight path must clear all obstacles by a vertical margin of **50 ft**.

## Landing Performance

### Landing Distance Required (LDR)
The distance from a screen height of **50 ft** above the landing threshold to a complete stop.

### Landing Distance Available (LDA)
For commercial operations, the LDR must not exceed a percentage of the LDA:
*   **Standard Factor**: LDR must be $\le 70\%$ of LDA (or LDA $\ge 1.43 \times$ LDR).
*   **Wet Factor**: If the runway is wet, the LDR calculation must effectively be increased by $\times 1.15$.

## Unpaved Runways
Class B aircraft frequently operate from grass or gravel strips.
*   **Grass (Dry)**: $\times 1.2$ factor for take-off distance.
*   **Grass (Wet)**: $\times 1.3$ factor (or soft ground).

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Free study notes from pilotsyllabus.com. Not a substitute for training at an approved ATO.